Espresso vs Filter Coffee: Impact on Cholesterol Levels
Coffee is a daily ritual for many, but how you brew it can significantly affect your cholesterol levels. Espresso and filter coffee, two popular brewing methods, differ in their impact on serum cholesterol due to the presence of diterpenes like cafestol and kahweol. Let’s examine the evidence.
The Science Behind Coffee and Cholesterol - facts
Diterpenes and Brewing Methods:
Diterpenes (cafestol and kahweol) are compounds found in coffee oils. These compounds are known to raise serum cholesterol. Espresso and unfiltered brewing methods (e.g., boiled coffee) allow more diterpenes into the cup than filtered coffee (Urgert & Katan, 1996).
Espresso and Cholesterol:
Consuming 3–5 cups of espresso daily is associated with a modest increase in serum cholesterol levels (0.09 mmol/L in women, 0.16 mmol/L in men) (Svatun et al., 2022).
Italian-style espresso has been shown to elevate cholesterol to a lesser extent than boiled coffee but still poses a risk when consumed in high quantities (Grioni et al., 2015).
Filter Coffee and Cholesterol:
Filtered coffee largely eliminates diterpenes due to using paper filters, significantly reducing its impact on cholesterol levels. Studies found no significant increase in serum cholesterol from consuming moderate amounts of filtered coffee (Bak & Grobbee, 1989).
However, some reports indicate a slight increase in cholesterol, especially in women, potentially due to other factors like brewing strength (Strandhagen & Thelle, 2003).
Practical Takeaways
Choose Brewing Methods Wisely: If you're concerned about cholesterol, choose filtered coffee over espresso or boiled coffee. Paper filters trap most diterpenes, mitigating their cholesterol-raising effects.
Moderation Matters: If you’re at risk for high cholesterol, limit your espresso consumption to fewer than 3 cups daily.
Know Your Risk: People predisposed to hypercholesterolemia or cardiovascular diseases should avoid unfiltered coffee types.